Modelos de optimización matemática aplicables al sector downstream y midstream del petróleo. Revisión de la literatura y dirección de investigaciones futuras
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Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre los modelos de Programación Lineal y No lineal de Enteros Mixtos (MILP y MINLP, respectivamente por sus siglas en inglés) aplicados a la cadena de suministros del petróleo crudo, especialmente en el sector downstream y midstream. Los cuales se encargan de la producción, preparación y distribución de hidrocarburos de uso final como gasolina, diésel, jet y gas licuado de petróleo. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar varios trabajos de investigación de operaciones, especialmente los que consideran el transporte de multi productos en una misma línea.
El articulo tiene el enfoque principal de realizar un planteamiento de la dirección futura de la investigación para la cadena de suministro del petróleo en los sectores downstream y midstream. De todos los artículos analizados los 32 generan un modelo MILP, de los cuales 26 modelan la estructura de distribución de combustibles en el sector downstream, no existe evidencia de trabajos de investigación de modelos MILP o MINLP desarrollados en el Ecuador. Finalmente, se discute futuras líneas de investigación referente a esta temática como la aplicación de MILP para la programación operativa de la red de la cadena de suministros del petróleo en el Ecuador. Herramienta que a futuro permitirá la toma de decisiones de nivel táctico y operativo de manera efectiva, considerando todas las variables de la red de distribución de combustibles para satisfacer una demanda prevista.
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