Metodología Basada en ATPDraw para la Preconfiguración y Validación Experimental de Ensayos de Impulso tipo Rayo en Transformadores de Potencia

Jhon Calle; Wilian Guamán; Fernanda  Velasco; Edgar Cajas

doi:10.37116/revistaenergia.v23.n1.2026.763

ATPDraw-Based Methodology for the Pre-Configuration and Experimental Validation of Lightning Impulse Tests in Power Transformers.

Metodología Basada en ATPDraw para la Preconfiguración y Validación Experimental de Ensayos de Impulso tipo Rayo en Transformadores de Potencia

Published 2026-07-30

https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v23.n1.2026.763

Open | Download

PDF (Spanish) FLIP HTML (Spanish) XML (Spanish) EPUB (Spanish)

Issue

Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): Revista Técnica "energía", Edición No. 23 ISSUE I

Section

SISTEMAS ELÉCTRICOS DE POTENCIA

How to Cite

ATPDraw-Based Methodology for the Pre-Configuration and Experimental Validation of Lightning Impulse Tests in Power Transformers. (2026). Revista Técnica "energía", 23(1), PP. 55-64. https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v23.n1.2026.763

DOI

https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v23.n1.2026.763

Dimensions

PlumX

How to Cite

ATPDraw-Based Methodology for the Pre-Configuration and Experimental Validation of Lightning Impulse Tests in Power Transformers. (2026). Revista Técnica "energía", 23(1), PP. 55-64. https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v23.n1.2026.763

Download Citation

license

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Jhon Calle

Instituto Superior Universitario SUCRE, Carrera Electricidad

Perfil Google Scholar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-8608

Wilian Guamán

Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ( ESPOCH), GITEA

Perfil Google Scholar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-8231

Fernanda Velasco

Illari Grid S.A.S

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-591X

Edgar Cajas

Instituto Superior Universitario SUCRE, Carrera de Electricidad

Perfil Google Scholar

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-7334

Show authors biography

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Wilian Guamán, John Calle, Statistical Analysis of Overvoltages due to Energizing Switching in Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines , Revista Técnica "energía": Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): Revista Técnica "energía", Edición No. 19, ISSUE II
Xavier Proaño, Gabriela Bonilla, Edgar Barahona, Wilian Guamán, Evaluation of the Operation of the Differential Protection 87 in Single-Phase Transformers in the Presence of Faults, Through a Didactic Prototype , Revista Técnica "energía": Vol. 19 No. 2 (2023): Revista Técnica "energía", Edición No. 19, ISSUE II
Xavier Proaño, Cristian Castillo , Geovanny Rosales , Wilian Guamán , Gabriel Pesantez , Development of a Computer Application for the Calibration and Coordination of the 50/51 Overcurrent Relay , Revista Técnica "energía": Vol. 18 No. 1 (2021): Revista Técnica "energía", Edición No. 18, ISSUE I
Rolando Noroña, Edgar Cajas, Carlos Lozada, Marlon Chamba, Transient Stability Analysis Using the Concept of Inertia and Data Mining , Revista Técnica "energía": Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): Revista Técnica "energía", Edición No. 22, ISSUE I

Lightning impulse test

Impulse voltage generator

ATPDraw

High-voltage test

Transformer

This work presents an ATPDraw-based methodology for simulating full lightning impulse tests on power transformers. The transformer under test was represented by lumped capacitive and inductive parameters, while the impulse generator and the measuring system were adjusted according to the laboratory configuration. Five independent case studies were analyzed by comparing simulated and measured waveforms in terms of peak voltage (), front time (), and tail time (). The comparison shows a close agreement for peak voltage and front time, with global errors below 3.5 % and 10 %, respectively, while the tail time exhibited higher sensitivity to the simplified representation of the test object. All simulated waveforms satisfied the tolerances established for the standard 1.2/50 µs lightning impulse. The proposed methodology supports the pre-adjustment of impulse-generator parameters and reduces trial-and-error procedures during high-voltage laboratory tests.

Article visits 62 | PDF visits 17

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

[1] J. Martínez, Coordinación de aislamiento en redes eléctricas de alta tensión. 2007.
[2] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60071-1:2019, Insulation co-ordination — Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2019.
[3] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60071-2:2023, Insulation co-ordination — Part 2: Application guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2023.
[4] IEEE, IEEE Std C57.98-2011, IEEE Guide for Transformer Impulse Tests. New York, NY, USA: IEEE, 2012, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2012.6168181.
[5] H. M. Wickert and T. B. Marchesan, “A method for representing non-standard waveform in factory tests using impulse waveforms,” IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 3491–3500, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3129603.
[6] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60060-1:2025, High-voltage test techniques — Part 1: General terminology and test requirements. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2025.
[7] J. Kuffel and P. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Newnes, 2000.
[8] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60060-2:2025, High-voltage test techniques — Part 2: Measuring systems. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2025.
[9] C. L. Wadhwa, High Voltage Engineering, 3rd ed. New Delhi, India: New Age International Publishers, 2012.
[10] P. Ghosh, B. Chakraborty, S. Dalai, and S. Chatterjee, “Simulation and real-time generation of non-standard lightning impulse voltage waveforms,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE), 2022, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ICDCECE53908.2022.9792719.
[11] C. H. Hsu, “Experimental results of electromechanical structure properties of noise and vibration on power transformers after lightning impulse test,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 134, p. 107458, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107458.
[12] IEEE, IEEE Std C57.12.00-2021, IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers. New York, NY, USA: IEEE, 2022.
[13] Megger Sweden AB, DELTA4000 12 kV Insulation Diagnostic System: Reference Manual — Applications Guide, ZM-AH02E. Danderyd, Sweden: Megger, 2010.
[14] J. Fraile Mora, Máquinas eléctricas, 6th ed. Madrid, Spain: McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, 2008.
[15] F. Carmona, J. E. Jiménez Hornero, and F. Vázquez, “Modelado y simulación del circuito generador de impulsos para el ensayo de transformadores,” in XXVI Jornadas de Automática, Alicante, Spain, 2005, pp. 781–786.
[16] Huazheng Electric Manufacturing (Baoding) Co., Ltd., “HZCJ series impulse voltage generator,” Product Information, Baoding, China. [Online]. Available: https://huazhengelectric.com/products_41/impulse-voltage-generator.html
[17] P. Yutthagowith, P. Kitcharoen, and A. Kunakorn, “Systematic design and circuit analysis of lightning impulse voltage generation on low-inductance loads,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, Art. no. 8010, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14238010.
[18] International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC 60076-4:2002, Power transformers — Part 4: Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse testing — Power transformers and reactors. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2002.