Optimization of Solar Capture Using a Dual-Axis Tracker Based on an Astronomical Algorithm in a Small-Scale Photovoltaic Station
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Abstract
This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a dual-axis solar tracking system based on an intermediate-resolution astronomical algorithm. The system was installed on the rooftop of Block B at the Technical University of Cotopaxi and consists exclusively of photovoltaic modules, with no inverters or loads, allowing safe measurement of short-circuit current (Isc) as an indicator of energy capture. Two calibrated photovoltaic reference cells were used to record the incident irradiance on both a mobile and a fixed array (inclined at 15° north). The astronomical algorithm calculates solar elevation and azimuth angles in real time, triggering actuator movement when angular deviation exceeds ±1°. Results show a 19.85% average increase in irradiance captured by the mobile system compared to the fixed system. Additionally, the correlation between inclination angle and irradiance is analyzed, and the solar path model is validated. This research constitutes the first phase of a broader project that will integrate hybrid control strategies and economic analysis in future stages.
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