Self-Synchronverters: Emulation of Synchronous Generators with Inverters to Inject Virtual Inertia into 60-Hz Power Systems Considering Self-Synchronization
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Published:
Jan 26, 2022
Keywords:
Droop control, infinite bus, maximum power point tracker (MPPT) controller, photovoltaic (PV) system, synchronverter (SV), virtual inertia, and virtual synchronous machines.
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Abstract
Power generation from renewable resources and smart grid integration are trending topics in power systems nowadays. Nevertheless, they are strengthening the lack of inertia at the operation stage of the modern power systems. This fact has endorsed the emergence of new digital inertia emulation techniques in order to tackle this operative constraint. One of these techniques is the so-called synchronverter (SV) technology, which tries to mimic the operation of a synchronous generator (SG) using DC/AC inverters. Indeed, a SV lets power systems to control grid-connected renewable energy power plants and avoid losing voltage and frequency stability. This paper introduces a variation of the original model of a SV, which is able to synchronize itself with the electrical grid before the connection and track the frequency of the grid after it. Likewise, its power circuit is modified to include a photovoltaic (PV) system and a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) as DC voltage sources. It and the calculation of the SV parameters at 60-Hz frequency provide a grade of novelty to this research. Finally, the simulation results in MATLAB verify a reliable operation of the proposed SV under variations of active (P) and Reactive (Q) powers over a test grid.
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Riofrio, J., & Farkas, C. (2022). Self-Synchronverters: Emulation of Synchronous Generators with Inverters to Inject Virtual Inertia into 60-Hz Power Systems Considering Self-Synchronization. Revista Técnica "energía", 18(2), PP. 25–37. https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v18.n2.2022.497
Section
SISTEMAS ELÉCTRICOS DE POTENCIA
Aviso de Derechos de Autor
La Revista Técnica "energía" está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0.
References
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[2] A. Riofrio and D. Carrión, “Approach and Deployment of Distributed Generation. State-of-art Based on Induction Cooker System,” in ANDESCON 2014, 2014.
[3] N. R. Nair and M. Ebenezer, “Operation and control of grid connected wind — PV hybrid system,” in 2014 International Conference on Advances in Green Energy (ICAGE), 2014, pp. 197–203.
[4] A. Riofrio, D. Carrión, and D. Vaca, “Propuesta de Modelo de Operación Aplicado a Micro Redes Fotovoltaicas en Generación Distribuida,” Rev. Técnica Energía, vol. 12, no. ISSN 1390-5074, pp. 216–229, 2016.
[5] Savitha K.P and P. Kanakasabapathy, “Multi-port DC-DC converter for DC microgrid applications,” in 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS), 2016, pp. 1–6.
[6] F. Martin-Martínez, A. Sánchez-Miralles, and M. Rivier, “A literature review of Microgrids: A functional layer based classification,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 62, pp. 1133–1153, 2016.
[7] K. Y. Yap, C. R. Sarimuthu, and J. M. Y. Lim, “Grid Integration of Solar Photovoltaic System Using Machine Learning-Based Virtual Inertia Synthetization in Synchronverter,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 49961–49976, 2020.
[8] N. R. Nair and D. P. Kanakasabapathy, “A Three Phase Grid Connected SPV System using Synchronverter,” India Int. Conf. Power Electron. IICPE, vol. 2018-Decem, pp. 1–6, 2018.
[9] J. M. Carrasco et al., “Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002–1016, 2006.
[10] A. A. Almehizia, H. M. K. Al-Masri, and M. Ehsani, “Integration of Renewable Energy Sources by Load Shifting and Utilizing Value Storage,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 4974–4984, 2019.
[11] Q. C. Zhong and G. Weiss, “Synchronverters: Inverters that mimic synchronous generators,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1259–1267, 2011.
[12] S. Zafar, M. A. Amin, B. Javaid, and H. A. Khalid, “On Design of DC-Link Voltage Controller and PQ Controller for Grid Connected VSC for Microgrid Application,” in 2018 International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), 2018, pp. 1–6.
[13] X. Liang and C. A. Bin Karim, “Virtual synchronous machine method in renewable energy integration,” in 2016 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2016, pp. 364–368.
[14] C. H. Zhang et al., “An improved synchronverter model and its dynamic behaviour comparison with synchronous generator,” IET Conf. Publ., vol. 2013, no. 623 CP, 2013.
[15] E. L. Van Emmerik, B. W. Franca, and M. Aredes, “A synchronverter to damp electromechanical oscillations in the Brazilian transmission grid,” IEEE Int. Symp. Ind. Electron., vol. 2015-Septe, pp. 221–226, 2015.
[16] S. Kumaravel, V. Thomas, T. V. Kumar, and S. Ashok, Development of the synchronverter for green energy integration. Elsevier Inc., 2019.
[17] Q. C. Zhong and T. Hornik, Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration. Wiley, 2013.
[18] T. Thacker, D. Boroyevich, R. Burgos, and F. Wang, “Phase-Locked Loop Noise Reduction via Phase Detector Implementation for Single-Phase Systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2482–2490, 2011.
[19] B. Shakerighadi, E. Ebrahimzadeh, M. G. Taul, F. Blaabjerg, and C. L. Bak, “Modeling and Adaptive Design of the SRF-PLL: Nonlinear Time-Varying Framework,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 28635–28645, 2020.
[20] S. Shinnaka, “A Robust Single-Phase PLL System With Stable and Fast Tracking,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 624–633, 2008.
[21] Q. Zhong, P. Nguyen, Z. Ma, and W. Sheng, “Self-Synchronized Synchronverters: Inverters Without a Dedicated Synchronization Unit,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 617–630, Feb. 2014.
[22] Z. Wei, C. Jie, and C. Gong, “Small signal modeling and analysis of synchronverters,” 2015 IEEE 2nd Int. Futur. Energy Electron. Conf. IFEEC 2015, no. 1, 2015.
[23] S. Mo et al., “A new self-synchronization control strategy for grid interface inverters with local loads,” 2015 IEEE Energy Convers. Congr. Expo. ECCE 2015, pp. 2316–2320, 2015.
[24] T. Younis, M. Ismeil, M. Orabi, and E. K. Hussain, “A single-phase self-synchronized synchronverter with bounded droop characteristics,” Conf. Proc. - IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo. - APEC, vol. 2018-March, pp. 1624–1629, 2018.
[25] T. Younis, M. Ismeil, E. K. Hussain, and M. Orabi, “Improved single-phase self-synchronised synchronverter with enhanced dynamics and current limitation capability,” IET Power Electron., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 337–344, 2019.
[26] S. Dong and Y. C. Chen, “A Fast Self-synchronizing Synchronverter Design with Easily Tuneable Parameters,” in 2018 IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 2018, pp. 1–5.
[27] J. J. Grainger and W. D. Stevenson, Power System Analysis. McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.
[28] J. H. Walker, Large Synchronous Machines: Design, Manufacture, and Operation. Clarendon Press, 1981.
[29] R. D. Begamudre, Electromechanical Energy Conversion With Dynamics Of Machines. New Age International (P) Limited, 2007.
[30] T. Younis, M. Ismeil, E. K. Hussain, and M. Orabi, “Single-phase self-synchronized synchronverter with current-limiting capability,” 2016 18th Int. Middle-East Power Syst. Conf. MEPCON 2016 - Proc., pp. 848–853, 2017.
[31] Y. Rong, S. Liu, J. Mao, and S. Li, “A control strategy of Maximum Power Point Tracking base on dp/dv=0,” in Proceedings of the 30th Chinese Control Conference, 2011, pp. 5153–5158.
[32] A. K. Singh, Analysis and Design of Power Converter Topologies for Application in Future More Electric Aircraft. Springer Singapore, 2018.
